Every piping specification begins with a single question: how thick must the wall be for a given pressure, and which formula should govern the answer? Three methods recur in calculation sheets across the industry. Barlow’s formula provides a rapid estimate
The ASTM standard written on a purchase order determines chemistry, mechanical testing, non-destructive examination, heat treatment, and marking requirements for every pipe or tube shipped against it. Choose the wrong one, and the delivery either arrives over-tested and overpriced, or
Specification engineers turn to super-duplex when 316L cannot withstand the chloride load, selecting among S32750 vs S32760 and S32550 becomes considerably more difficult once the datasheets are placed side by side. All three grades claim a PREN above 40, yet
At -162 oC, carbon steel doesn’t just lose strength. It loses ductility entirely and shatters like glass under load. This is the engineering reality behind every LNG material decision, from the storage tank to the loading arm. Four materials cover
Hot hydrochloric acid, mixed pickling baths, wet chlorine scrubbers, and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) media share one trait: they compromise super-duplex stainless steel. When acid service defeats super-duplex, the Alloy 276 vs Alloy 22 decision is where most engineers start,
The PREN calculation gives engineers a single number for comparing the chloride pitting resistance of stainless and duplex alloys without juggling 3 separate element ranges. This post covers the formula, 5 worked examples with the full arithmetic shown, what the
Super duplex S32750 or hyper duplex S32707? Compare PREN, pitting resistance, and yield side by side, and learn exactly when the stronger corrosion performance of S32707 is worth the premium, and when S32750 is still the right call.
Inconel 625 and Inconel 718 share a nickel base, but Incoloy 825 does not, despite a similar name. That single distinction governs how each alloy behaves under corrosion and heat, well before the chemistry tables begin dividing on molybdenum and
Seawater at roughly 19,000 ppm chloride damages standard stainless steels, and material selection mistakes show up as pitting failures within months of commissioning. This guide compares four candidate alloys for seawater piping: UNS S31603 (316L), UNS S31254 (6Mo super-austenitic), UNS